Evaluation of corn-fermented protein as a dietary ingredient in extruded dog and cat diets

Abstract

Abstract Most pet foods utilize traditional ingredients like corn, wheat, and soy. These ingredients and other grains, such as distillers dried grains (DDG), have been used by the pet food industry. Corn-fermented protein (CFP) is a nutrient-dense enhancement on DDG but has not been evaluated in pet food. Therefore, it was the objective of this study to determine the effect of CFP in the production of extruded pet diets, and to determine the effect on nutrient utilization (digestibility) and stool consistency in dogs, and palatability in dogs and cats. Experimental diets with treatment protein sources (corn gluten meal [CGM], soybean meal [SBM], and CFP) were produced in triplicate using a single-screw extruder. Processing parameters and kibble samples were collected at timed intervals during diet production. Kibbles were evaluated for physical dimension and texture. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed in any physical dimension or texture parameters evaluated, with exception of radial expansion, which was lower (P < 0.05) for CFP kibble compared to others. The CFP kibble required a smaller (P < 0.05) mass restriction valve opening, to keep similar bulk density among dietary treatments. However, there was no difference (P > 0.05) in specific mechanical energy among treatments during diet production. Twelve beagles were fed the experimental diets in a 3 × 3 replicated Latin Square design in which four dogs were randomly assigned to each of three treatments for each period. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and were supplemented with titanium dioxide to serve as an external marker in order to estimate apparent total tract digestibility. Dogs were housed individually and fed twice daily, and water was available ad libitum. Feces were collected after feedings. The diet produced with CGM was more digestible (P < 0.05) than CFP and SBM for dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, and gross energy. Further, the CFP diet was also less (P < 0.05) digestible than the SBM diet for dry matter and organic matter. Dogs fed the diet containing CFP had higher (P < 0.05) fecal mass than those fed SBM and CGM. The CFP diet also resulted in a higher fecal score (P < 0.05) than those fed diets with the CGM diet, but similar (P > 0.05) to the SBM diet. For palatability assessment, dogs had a preference (P < 0.05) for CGM over SBM or CFP, but cats showed a preference (P < 0.05) for SBM and CFP over CGM. Results indicate that CFP is acceptable for use in dog and cat diets. Further research should be conducted to evaluate the use of these ingredients at lower inclusion levels.