Advances in treatment for lipoid proteinosis (Urbach–Wiethe disease): a case report and systematic review

Author:

Bueno-Molina Rocío C1ORCID,Hernández-Rodríguez Juan-Carlos1ORCID,Cabrera-Fuentes Raquel1,Cabrera-Pérez Rocío2,Conejo-Mir Sánchez Julián123ORCID,Pereyra-Rodríguez José-Juan123ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Departments of Dermatology

2. Pathological Anatomy, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital , Seville , Spain

3. Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville , Seville , Spain

Abstract

Abstract Background Lipoid proteinosis (LP), also known as Urbach–Wiethe disease, is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis, caused by mutations in the ECM1 gene. This results in the deposition of periodic acid–Schiff (PAS)-positive, hyaline-like material on the skin, mucosae and internal organs. Objectives To present a case report of LP and a systematic review to synthesize the scientific literature on the management of this uncommon and frequently missed diagnosis. Methods We present a case report of a 48-year-old man with LP who exhibited significant improvement after oral acitretin therapy. To address the lack of large case–control studies on LP treatment, we performed a systematic review of the literature following the PRISMA 2020 criteria. The search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Scopus databases from inception until June 2023. To assess the methodological quality of case reports and case series, we used the Joanna Briggs Collaboration critical appraisal tool. Results We included 25 studies that met eligibility criteria. Data from 44 patients with a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis were analysed. Treatment ranged from systemic therapies (acitretin, etretinate, dimethyl sulfoxide, corticosteroids, penicillamine) to surgical or laser procedures. Regarding methodological quality, the main discrepancies arose in the reporting of participant characteristics and treatment interventions. Conclusions Low-dose oral acitretin could have potential in managing LP, exhibiting fewer side-effects compared with other therapeutic agents. Further research is needed to establish more comprehensive and evidence-based treatment guidelines.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Reference32 articles.

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1. Cutaneous findings and treatment responses of lipoid proteinosis patients;International Journal of Dermatology;2024-06-14

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