The Fish Pathogen “CandidatusClavichlamydia salmonicola”—A Missing Link in the Evolution of Chlamydial Pathogens of Humans

Author:

Collingro Astrid1ORCID,Köstlbacher Stephan123ORCID,Siegl Alexander1,Toenshoff Elena R14,Schulz Frederik15,Mitchell Susan O6,Weinmaier Thomas1,Rattei Thomas1ORCID,Colquhoun Duncan J7,Horn Matthias1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria

2. Doctoral School in Microbiology and Environmental Science, University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria

3. Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research , Wageningen , The Netherlands

4. Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH) , Zürich , Switzerland

5. DOE Joint Genome Institute , Berkeley, California , USA

6. FishVet Group Ireland , Oranmore, Co. Galway , Ireland

7. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway

Abstract

AbstractChlamydiae like Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia psittaci are well-known human and animal pathogens. Yet, the chlamydiae are a much larger group of evolutionary ancient obligate intracellular bacteria that includes predominantly symbionts of protists and diverse animals. This makes them ideal model organisms to study evolutionary transitions from symbionts in microbial eukaryotes to pathogens of humans. To this end, comparative genome analysis has served as an important tool. Genome sequence data for many chlamydial lineages are, however, still lacking, hampering our understanding of their evolutionary history. Here, we determined the first high-quality draft genome sequence of the fish pathogen “Candidatus Clavichlamydia salmonicola”, representing a separate genus within the human and animal pathogenic Chlamydiaceae. The “Ca. Clavichlamydia salmonicola” genome harbors genes that so far have been exclusively found in Chlamydia species suggesting that basic mechanisms important for the interaction with chordate hosts have evolved stepwise in the history of chlamydiae. Thus, the genome sequence of “Ca. Clavichlamydia salmonicola” allows to constrain candidate genes to further understand the evolution of chlamydial virulence mechanisms required to infect mammals.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Genetics,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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