Establishing the Content Validity of a Modified Bank of School Anxiety Inventory Items for Use Among Adolescents With Chronic Pain

Author:

Gibler Robert C12ORCID,Abelson Elana2,Williams Sara E13,Lynch-Jordan Anne M13,Kashikar-Zuck Susmita13,Jastrowski Mano Kristen E2

Affiliation:

1. Division of Behavioral Medicine & Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center , USA

2. Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati , USA

3. Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , USA

Abstract

Abstract Objective School anxiety is a prevalent mental health concern that drives school-related disability among youth with chronic pain. The only available measure of school anxiety—the School Anxiety Inventory, Short Version (SAI-SV)—lacks content specificity for measuring school anxiety in pediatric pain populations. We aimed to refine the SAI-SV by obtaining qualitative data about unique school situations that are anxiety-provoking for youth with pain and characterizing the nature of symptoms experienced in these situations. Methods Adolescents with chronic pain (n = 16) completed a semistructured interview focused on experiences with anxiety in school-related academic and social contexts. We employed thematic analysis to extend the empirical understanding of school anxiety from the perspective of patients suffering from pain and to generate new item content. The content was refined with iterative feedback from a separate group of adolescents with chronic pain (n = 5) and a team of expert pain psychologists (n = 3). Results We identified six themes within the data and generated new items designed to capture anxiety related to negative interactions with teachers and peers, falling behind with schoolwork, and struggles with concentration and fatigue. Participants and experts rated new item content as highly relevant for use among youth with pain. The updated item bank was named the School Anxiety Inventory for Chronic Pain. Conclusions Future research is needed to complete the psychometric evaluation of the item bank and finalize items to be included in a measure that can be used in research and clinical settings. Implications for treating school-related anxiety among youth with pain are also discussed.

Funder

National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

University of Cincinnati Department of Psychology Seeman-Frakes Graduate Student Research

NIH

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Developmental and Educational Psychology,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health

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