Behind the Wheel: Unraveling the Impact of Experience Over Age Over the First 18 Months of Licensure

Abstract

Abstract Objective This study examined how driving attention develops with age and driving. Methods In this observational longitudinal study, 190 adolescents (53% female, 73% Black) were enrolled across four groups: 16- and 18-year olds with and without driving experience. They underwent driving simulation with eye-tracking technology seven times over 18 months. By using a combination of factorial and longitudinal designs, the study examined the individual and combined effects of age and driving experience on driving attention over time. Results Licensed participants had higher odds of glancing at safety-critical events initially (OR = 15.01, 95% CI: 1.36–165.53), but these odds decreased at higher driving speeds (b = −0.17, p<.01). Average glance length decreased over time (b = −0.26, p=.01), but less so in licensed participants (b=0.14, p=.01). Several visual behaviors were influenced by environmental and driving factors. Conclusions Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are burdensome and costly to society. This study focused on the role of inattention in MVCs, particularly during the risky period of adolescence. Findings indicated that driving experience, as determined by licensure, had a considerable impact on visual behavior in both the short term (within two weeks of obtaining a license) and over the first 18 months of independent driving. Overall, these findings suggest that licensed adolescents are more likely to identify potential hazards on the road and navigate safely. To ensure effective guidance, pediatric psychologists and other professionals should consider the unique circumstances, needs, and concerns of individual patients.