The therapeutic benefit of antioxidants on the outcome of acute aluminum phosphide poisoning: a systemic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Abstract This systematic review and meta-analysis pool evidence available from clinical trials to verify the effect of antioxidants on the outcome of acute aluminum phosphide (AlP) poisoning. A systematic review complied with “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses” (PRISMA) Protocols. Meta-analysis was conducted on 10 studies that fulfill eligibility criteria. Four antioxidants were implemented: N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC), L-Carnitine, Vitamin E, and Co-enzyme Q10 (Co Q10). Risk of bias, publication bias, and heterogeneity were assessed to ensure the results’ reliability. Antioxidants significantly decrease mortality of acute AlP poisoning around three folds (OR = 2.684, 95% CI: 1.764–4.083; P < .001) and decrease the need for intubation and mechanical ventilation by two folds (OR = 2.391, 95% CI 1.480–3.863; P < .001) compared with control. Subgroup analysis revealed that NAC significantly decreases mortality by nearly three folds (OR = 2.752, 95% CI: 1.580–4.792; P < .001), and vitamin E significantly decreases mortality by nearly six folds (OR = 5.667, 95% CI: 1.178–27.254; P = .03) compared with control. L-Carnitine showed a borderline significance (P = .050). Co Q10 decreased the mortality compared with the control; however, the difference was not statistically significant (P = .263). This meta-analysis provides solid evidence regarding the efficacy of antioxidants in improving the outcome of acute AlP poisoning with reference to NAC. Wide confidence interval and small relative weight affect reliability regarding vitamin E efficacy. Future clinical trials and meta-analyses are recommended. To our knowledge, no previous meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the efficacy of treatment modalities for acute AlP poisoning.