1. Research associate at the Environment Department at the University of York, in the United Kingdom
2. BO’L and CMR conceived the study
3. BO’L, JPH, and CMR wrote the first draft
4. All the authors reviewed and participated in revising the manuscript, including significantly contributing to the design of the manuscript and the interpretation of identified criticisms and responses. All authors approve of the final version of the manuscript. The authors declare no conflict of interest
5. Associate professor at the School of Environmental Studies at the University of Victoria, in Canada
6. Director at the Centro de Conservación Marina at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, in Chile
7. Chief scientist at the National Geographic Society's Pristine Seas Program and is affiliate faculty at the University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, in Honolulu
8. Founder and president of the Global Penguin Society; a researcher at the National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina; and an affiliate professor at the University of Washington, in Seattle
9. CEO at the Palau International Coral Reef Center
10. Professor and director of the ECOMERS laboratory, CNRS & University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, part of the University Côte d’Azur, in France
11. Leads the Scientific Services Division at the biodiversity conservation organization Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, in South Africa
12. Senior lecturer at the Environment Department at the University of York, in the United Kingdom
13. Lecturer in the School of Biological Sciences and the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia
14. Assistant professor at the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology and Marine Science Institute at the University of California Santa Barbara
15. Executive Director of the Institute for Ocean Conservation Science and a Professor at the School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences at Stony Brook University, USA
16. Special Advisor to the President of Palau on Matters of Oceans and Seas
17. Director and professor at the Kewalo Marine Laboratory at the University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, in Honolulu
18. Professor at the Environment Department at the University of York, in the United Kingdom