Sonographic Analysis of the Upper Labial Orbicularis Oris and Its Clinical Implications

Author:

Park Hyun Jin1,Lee Kyu-Lim1,Gil Young-Chun2,Lee Ji-Hyun3,Hu Kyung-Seok3,Kim Hee-Jin3

Affiliation:

1. Department of Oral Biology, Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea

2. Department of Anatomy, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea

3. Department of Oral Biology, Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea

Abstract

Abstract Background Purse string lips, which include the vertical wrinkles over the lips, are frequently observed in aged individuals. Botulinum toxin and fillers are routinely injected into these areas to remove the wrinkles; however, the anatomy of the orbicularis oris muscle (OOr) near the vermilion border area has not been well defined. Objectives The aim of this study was therefore to identify any morphological differences of the upper OOr via sonographic imaging. Methods The upper lip muscles as observed utilizing an ultrasound device were divided into 2 muscles (pars peripheralis and pars marginalis) that were subsequently divided into a further 2 types (Type I and Type II) associated with the development of the pars marginalis. Type II was further divided into Type IIa and Type IIb depending on whether the muscle fibers were well developed and connected. Results On the midline of the lip, Type I, in which the pars marginalis was rarely observed and only appeared in traces, was observed in 20.0% of the volunteers. Type IIa, in which the pars marginalis was well-developed and appeared continuous, was observed in 42.9% of the volunteers. Type IIb, in which the pars marginalis was observed but appeared discontinuous, was observed in 37.1% of the volunteers. Conclusions The shapes of the upper pars marginalis of the OOr varied markedly between volunteers. Type classification of the OOr based on its shape and the lip appearance serves as a reliable source of reference information to be utilized when injecting botulinum toxin into the upper lip.

Funder

National Research Foundation of Korea

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

General Medicine,Surgery

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