Inflammatory Bowel Disease Is not Linked to a Higher Rate of Adverse Events in Colonoscopy—a Nationwide Population-based Study in Sweden

Abstract

Abstract Background and Aims Inflammatory bowel disease may cause long-standing inflammation and fibrosis and may increase the risk of adverse events in colonoscopy. We evaluated whether inflammatory bowel disease and other potential risk factors are associated with bleeding or perforation in a nationwide, population-based, Swedish study. Methods Data from 969 532 colonoscopies, including 164 012 [17%] on inflammatory bowel disease patients, between 2003 and 2019, were retrieved from the National Patient Registers. ICD-10 codes for bleeding [T810] and perforation [T812] within 30 days of the colonoscopy were recorded. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test if inflammatory bowel disease status, inpatient setting, time period, general anaesthesia, age, sex, endoscopic procedures, and antithrombotic treatment were associated with higher odds for bleeding and perforation. Results Bleeding and perforation were reported in 0.19% and 0.11% of all colonoscopies, respectively. Bleeding [odds ratio 0.66, p <0.001] and perforation [odds ratio 0.79, p <0.033] were less likely in colonoscopies in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease status. Bleeding and perforation were more common in inpatient than in outpatient inflammatory bowel disease colonoscopies. The odds for bleeding but not perforation increased between 2003 to 2019. General anaesthesia was associated with double the odds for perforation. Conclusions Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease did not have more adverse events compared with individuals without inflammatory bowel disease status. However, the inpatient setting was associated with more adverse events, particularly in inflammatory bowel disease status. General anaesthesia was associated with a greater risk of perforation.