Differences in Management and Outcomes of Older and Younger Adults with Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis

Abstract

Abstract Background Older adults with ulcerative colitis [UC] have greater morbidity than younger adults. The goal of this study was to investigate differences in the management and outcomes of older and younger patients hospitalised with severe UC. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalised for acute severe ulcerative colitis requiring intravenous steroids. We compared outcomes of adults aged ≥65 years with outcomes of younger patients. Primary study outcomes included frequency and timing of medical and surgical rescue therapy during the hospitalisation, postoperative complications, frailty, and mortality outcomes up to 1 year following the hospitalisation. Results Our cohort included 63 older adults [≥65 years] and 137 younger adults [14–64 years]. Despite similar disease severity at hospitalisation, older adults were half as likely to receive medical rescue therapy (odds ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.22–0.91). This difference was more striking among the frailest older adults. Older patients were similarly likely to undergo surgery but were more likely to undergo urgent or emergent procedures [50%] compared with younger patients [13%] [p <0.004]. The fraction of older adults at high risk for frailty increased from 33% pre-hospitalisation to 42% post-hospitalisation. Nearly one-third [27.8%] of older adults died within 1 year of hospitalisation, with half the deaths among older adults being attributable to UC or complications of UC. Conclusions In comparison with younger patients, older adults had lower frequency use of medical rescue therapy, higher rates of emergency surgery, and increased mortality within 1 year. Further research is needed to optimise care pathways in this population.