To intervene or not to intervene: young adults’ views on when and how to intervene in online harassment

Author:

Davidovic Anna1,Talbot Catherine2ORCID,Hamilton-Giachritsis Catherine3,Joinson Adam1

Affiliation:

1. School of Management, University of Bath, Bath and North East Somerset , Bath, UK

2. School of Psychology, University of Bournemouth, Poole, Dorset , UK

3. Department of Psychology, University of Bath, UK, Bath and North East Somerset , Bath, UK

Abstract

Abstract Incidents of online harassment are increasing and can have significant consequences for victims. Witnesses (“digital bystanders”) can be crucial in identifying and challenging harassment. This study considered when and how young adults intervene online, with the aim of understanding the applicability of existing theoretical models (i.e., Bystander Intervention Model; Response Decision-Making Framework). Thematic analysis of eight focus groups (UK community sample, N = 67, 18–25 years) resulted in five themes: Noticing and Interpreting the Harassment, Perceived Responsibility for Helping, Consequences of Intervening, Perceived Ability to Make a Difference, and Deciding How to Help. The online context amplified offline preferences, such as greater preference for anonymity and perceived costs of intervention (e.g., social costs). Intervention strategies varied in visibility and effort, preferring “indirect” micro-interventions focused on supporting victims. A new, merged model specific to digital bystanders is proposed, with implications for the design and messaging on social networking sites discussed.

Funder

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Communication

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