Dynamic Microwave-Assisted Micelle Extraction Coupled with Cloud Point Preconcentration for the Determination of Triazine Herbicides in Soil

Abstract

Abstract A green and simple method, dynamic microwave-assisted micelle extraction coupled with cloud point preconcentration, was developed for the determination of triazine herbicides in soil samples. The method has the advantages of those two extraction procedures, which could eliminate the interferences from complex soil samples greatly. Non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 aqueous solution used as extraction solvent was continuously pumped into soil samples. The resulting extract was heated and centrifuged in the presence of NaCl. After centrifugation, the analytes were enriched into the surfactant-rich phase. No filtration or cleaning steps were required. Several key parameters were investigated. The Box–Behnken design was applied to optimize the experimental factors involved in the dynamic microwave-assisted micelle extraction. Good linearity was observed in the range of 1.00–250.00 μg kg−1. The limits of detection were ranged between 0.26 and 1.71 μg kg−1. The recoveries of analytes ranged from 80.3 to 98.3% with the relative standard deviations ranging from 1.1 to 6.6%.