Development and Validation of a SPE–HPLC Method for Quantification of Rhein, Emodin, Chrysophanol and Physcion in Rhamnus petiolaris Boiss. & Balansa

Abstract

Abstract Anthraquinones exhibit a significant group of natural and synthetic quinone derivatives because of their biological activities and industrial applications. Rhamnaceae is one of the families known to contain different kinds of anthraquinones. In this study, it was aimed to quantify rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion in fruits of Rhamnus petiolaris Boiss. & Balansa belonging to Rhamnaceae by solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The anthraquinones were separated using a C18 analytical column. Gradient elution was performed using a mobile phase consisted of 0.1% o-phosphoric acid solution and methanol. Analytes were detected at 254 nm. Calibration curves were prepared in the range of 0.25–5.00 μg/mL for rhein, chrysophanol, physcion, 1.00–50.00 μg/mL for emodin. Limits of detection and quantification were between 0.07–0.11 and 0.20–0.34 μg/mL, respectively. Relative standard deviations were ≤ 5.78% in repeatability and intermediate precision studies. Accuracy was determined as relative mean error (8.17–12.06%). Extraction was achieved by maceration with acetone and ethanol, followed by hydrophilic–lipophilic balance solid phase extraction. Recoveries were between 96.2 and 109.6%. The developed and validated method was successfully performed to quantify rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion in R. petiolaris fruit extracts. Only physcion was not detected above limit of detection.