Molecular phylogeny of European Runcinida (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): the discover of an unexpected pool of complex species, with special reference to the case of Runcina coronata

Author:

Araujo Ana Karla1ORCID,Pola Marta23ORCID,Malaquias Manuel Antonio E4ORCID,Ballesteros Manuel5ORCID,Vitale Fabio67ORCID,Cervera Juan Lucas18ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain

2. Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Campus de Excelencia Internacional UAM; CSIC, Madrid, Spain

3. Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM). Campus de Excelencia Internacional UAM; CSIC, Madrid, Spain

4. Section of Taxonomy and Evolution, Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

5. Deparmento de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia I Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

6. Museo di Storia Naturale del Salento, Calimera, Lecce, Italy

7. Associazione Salento Sommerso, Lecce, Italy

8. 8Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Universidad de Cádiz,Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain

Abstract

Abstract Runcinida is a small heterobranch order of sea slugs with 61 known species distributed worldwide across temperate and tropical latitudes with two established families (Ilbiidae and Runcinidae). Little is known about the phylogenetic relationships within Runcinida. Here, we present the first molecular phylogeny of the order with an emphasis on European species and we discuss the taxonomic status of the type species Runcina coronata. Molecular phylogenetics based on the mitochondrial genes cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA and nuclear gene histone H3 is used to investigate relationships between species. Detailed morpho-anatomical worked was additionally employed to study Runcina coronata. Our results suggest the monophyly of Runcinida and showed that Runcina coronata is a complex of four species, namely: R. coronata proper, R. aurata and two new species here formally described (R. caletensis sp. nov. and R. tingensis sp. nov.).

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Animal Science and Zoology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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