Morphology and phylogeny of scalopine moles (Eulipotyphla: Talpidae: Scalopini) from the eastern Himalayas, with descriptions of a new genus and species

Author:

Chen Zhong-Zheng12ORCID,He Shui-Wang1,Hu Wen-Hao12,Song Wen-Yu1,Onditi Kenneth O1,Li Xue-You1,Jiang Xue-Long1

Affiliation:

1. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China

2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China

Abstract

Abstract All scalopine moles are found in North America, except the Gansu mole (Scapanulus oweni), which is endemic to central-west China. In 2019, we collected two specimens of Scalopini on Mt Namjagbarwa in the eastern Himalayas, Tibet, China. We sequenced two mitochondrial (CYT B and 12S) and three nuclear (APOB, BRCA1 and RAG2) genes to estimate the phylogenetic relationships of the two moles, and also compared their morphology with other genera and species within the Scalopini. Both morphological and molecular analyses strongly suggest that the specimens represent a new monotypic genus and species, which are formally described here as Alpiscaptulus medogensis gen. et sp. nov. The dental formula of the new mole (44 teeth) is distinct from the Chinese Scapanulus oweni (36 teeth) and its hairy and pale brown tail is unique among species of the Scalopini. The Kimura-2-parameter (K2P) distances of CYT B between A. medogensis and the four recognized Scalopini genera range from 14.5% to 18.9%. A sister relationship between A. medogensis and Scapanulus oweni was strongly supported in the phylogenetic trees. The divergence between A. medogensis and Scapanulus oweni occurred in the mid-Miocene (c. 11.56 Mya), which corresponds with the rapid uplift of the Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Animal Science and Zoology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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