Do blue galaxy-clusters have hot intracluster gas?

Author:

Misato Rana1,Toba Yoshiki1234ORCID,Ota Naomi1ORCID,Yamamoto Naoaki5,Kodama Tadayuki5,Okabe Nobuhiro678ORCID,Oguri Masamune91011,Mitsuishi Ikuyuki12

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physics, Nara Women’s University , Kitauoyanishi-machi, Nara, Nara 630-8506 , Japan

2. Department of Astronomy, Kyoto University , Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan

3. Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics , 11F Astronomy-Mathematics Building, AS/NTU, No.1, Section  4 , Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan

4. Research Center for Space and Cosmic Evolution, Ehime University , 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577 , Japan

5. Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University , 6-3 Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578 , Japan

6. Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526 , Japan

7. Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526 , Japan

8. Core Research for Energetic Universe, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526 , Japan

9. Research Center for the Early Universe, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan

10. Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan

11. Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

12. Graduate School of Science, Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 , Japan

Abstract

Abstract We present herein a systematic X-ray analysis of blue galaxy clusters at z = 0.84 discovered by the Subaru telescope. The sample consisted of 43 clusters identified by combining red-sequence and blue-cloud surveys, covering a wide range of emitter fractions (i.e., 0.3–0.8). The spatial extent of the over-density region of emitter galaxies was approximately 1 Mpc in radius. The average cluster mass was estimated as 0.6(<1.5) × 1014 M⊙ from the stacked weak-lensing measurement. We analyzed the XMM-Newton archival data, and measured the X-ray luminosity of the hot intracluster medium. As a result, diffuse X-ray emission was marginally detected in 14 clusters, yielding an average luminosity of 5 × 1042 erg s−1. To the contrary, it was not significant in 29 clusters. The blue clusters were significantly fainter than the red-dominated clusters, and the X-ray luminosity did not show any meaningful correlation either with emitter fraction or richness. The X-ray surface brightness was low, but the amount of gas mass was estimated to be comparable to that observed in the 1013–1014 M⊙ cluster. Based on the results, we suggest that the blue clusters are at the early formation stage, and the gas is yet to be compressed and heated up to produce appreciable X-rays. Follow-up spectroscopic measurements are essential to clarify the dynamical status and co-evolution of galaxies and hot gas in the blue clusters.

Funder

HSC

Princeton University

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

University of Tokyo

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization

FIRST

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Japan Science and Technology Agency

University of Hawaii

Max Planck Society

Johns Hopkins University

Durham University

University of Edinburgh

Queen's University Belfast

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

National Central University

Space Telescope Science Institute

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

National Science Foundation

University of Maryland

Eotvos Lorand University

Los Alamos National Laboratory

Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

Reference45 articles.

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