1. Faculty of Economics, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
2. Faculty of Economics, Tokyo Keizai University, 1-7-34 Minamimachi, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo 185-8502, Japan
3. Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI), 1-3-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8901, Japan
4. National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP), 3-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0013, Japan
5. Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan