The Effects of Light Wavelength and Trapping Habitat on Surveillance of Culicoides Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Alabama

Author:

Zhang Xinmi12ORCID,Mathias Derrick K13ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University , 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 , USA

2. Keck Science Center, 925 North Mills Avenue , Claremont, CA 91711 , USA

3. Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology & Nematology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 200 9th Street SE , Vero Beach, FL 32962 , USA

Abstract

Abstract In the southeastern United States, biting midges transmit agents of hemorrhagic diseases that are enzootic among white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann), Artiodactyla: Cervidae). Culicoides sonorensis Wirth and Jones (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), the only confirmed vector of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) and bluetongue virus (BTV) in the United States, is rarely collected in the Southeast, implying that other Culicoides Latreille species act as vectors. Despite multiple surveillance studies, the influence of trapping habitat and light wavelength on Culicoides sampling has yet to be investigated in Alabama. This study sampled Culicoides species at a deer research facility using CO2-baited CDC light traps with three distinct wavelengths. Traps were rotated within three habitats to examine impacts of habitat type and light wavelength on Culicoides abundance and parity status. For most species, midges were more abundant in a pine forest compared to a hardwood-forest riparian zone or a lightly wooded area adjacent to a seasonal pond. The pine forest generally had negative effects on parity status, suggesting that most females in this habitat were foraging for their first bloodmeal. Ultraviolet (UV) black-light (350 nm–360 nm) attracted more midges than incandescent light or UV LED light (385 nm–395 nm), but wavelength had less of an effect on parity than habitat. This study indicates that light wavelength and habitat significantly influence Culicoides sampling outcomes, and that when collecting parous females is desired (e.g., EHDV/BTV surveillance), targeting areas around oviposition sites may be a better strategy than trapping where midges are most abundant.

Funder

National Institute of Food and Agriculture

Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Insect Science,General Veterinary,Parasitology

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