Low birth weight and reduced postnatal nutrition lead to cardiac dysfunction in piglets

Author:

McPeek Ashley C12ORCID,Patton Breanna3,Columbus Daniel A45ORCID,Olver T Dylan3,Rodrigues Lucas A45,Sands Jade M45,Weber Lynn P3ORCID,Ferguson David P1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Kinesiology Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI, 48824 , USA

2. Center for Health Sciences Interprofessional Education, Research, and Practice, University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98144 , USA

3. Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4 , Canada

4. Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8 , Canada

5. Prairie Swine Centre, Inc. , Saskatoon, SK S7H 5N9 , Canada

Abstract

Abstract Heart disease is the leading cause of death in humans and evidence suggests early life growth-restriction increases heart disease risk in adulthood. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the effects of low birth weight (LBW) and postnatal restricted nutrition (RN) on cardiac function in neonatal pigs. We hypothesized that LBW and RN would reduce cardiac function in pigs but this effect would be reversed with refeeding. To investigate this hypothesis, pigs born weighing <1.5 kg were assigned LBW, and pigs born >1.5 kg were assigned normal birth weight (NBW). Half the LBW and NBW pigs underwent ~25% total nutrient restriction via intermittent suckling (assigned RN) for the first 4 wk post-farrowing. The other half of piglets were allowed unrestricted suckling access to the sow (assigned NN). At 28 d of age (weaning), pigs were weaned and provided ad libitum access to a standard diet. Echocardiographic, vascular ultrasound, and blood pressure (BP) measurements were performed on day 28 and again on day 56 to assess cardiovascular structure and function. A full factorial three-way ANOVA (NN vs. RN, LBW vs. NBW, male vs. female) was performed. Key findings include reduced diastolic BP (P = 0.0401) and passive ventricular filling (P = 0.0062) in RN pigs at 28 d but this was reversed after refeeding. LBW piglets have reduced cardiac output index (P = 0.0037) and diastolic and systolic wall thickness (P = 0.0293 and P = 0.0472) at 56 d. Therefore, cardiac dysfunction from RN is recovered with adequate refeeding while LBW programs irreversible cardiac dysfunction despite proper refeeding in neonatal pigs.

Funder

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Genetics,Animal Science and Zoology,General Medicine,Food Science

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