1. Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung, Taiwan
2. Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal United Hospital , Kaohsiung, Taiwan
3. Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital , No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South District, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
4. Department of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan
5. Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University , No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South District, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
6. Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University , No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South District, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
7. Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung, Taiwan