A brief review of recent discoveries in human anatomy

Abstract

Abstract In the last few years, a cluster of anatomical discoveries has been reported which overturned the long existing dogmas about the structure and function of human body. First to come was the discovery that established the existence of a lymphatic system pertaining to the central nervous system (CNS). CNS was believed to be anatomically immune privileged owing to the absence of any lymphatics and presence of the blood-brain barrier around it, but latest research has established beyond any reasonable doubt that true lymphatic channels carry immune cells in meninges thus challenging the existing theory. Studies also supported the presence of a ‘Glymphatic system’ (created by the perivascular spaces lined with the leptomeninges and a sheath of glial cells) in the CNS draining interstitial metabolic waste from CNS. The second discovery unraveled the previously unknown parts of the human mesentery in adult and established that it is a continuous entity all along the intra-abdominal gut tube against the previous notion that it is fragmented in the adult humans. A very recently reported third discovery demonstrated a previously unknown tissue component—‘interstitium’—a networked collagen bound fluid-filled space existent in a number of human organs. All these structures bear considerable applied importance towards the pathogenesis, prognostic and diagnostic investigations and management of human diseases. This article attempts to present a brief review of all three remarkable discoveries and emphasizes their applied importance within the realm of medical sciences.