Association of county-level socioeconomic status with meningioma incidence and outcomes

Abstract

Abstract Background Prior literature suggests that individual socioeconomic status (SES) may influence incidence, treatments, and survival of brain tumor cases. We aim to conduct the first national study to evaluate the association between US county-level SES and incidence, treatment, and survival in meningioma. Methods The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States analytic dataset, which combines data from CDC’s National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, was used to identify meningioma cases from 2006 to 2019. SES quintiles were created using American Community Survey data. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between SES and meningioma. Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to assess the effect of SES on survival using the NPCR analytic dataset. Results A total of 409 681 meningioma cases were identified. Meningioma incidence increased with higher county-level SES with Q5 (highest quintile) having a 12% higher incidence than Q1 (incidence rate ratios (IRR) = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.10–1.14; P < .0001). The Hispanic group was the only racial–ethnic group that had lower SES associated with increased meningioma incidence (Q5: age-adjusted incidence ratio (AAIR) = 9.02, 95%CI: 8.87–9.17 vs. Q1: AAIR = 9.33, 95%CI: 9.08–9.59; IRR = 0.97, 95%CI: 0.94–1.00; P = .0409). Increased likelihood of surgical treatment was associated with Asian or Pacific Islander non-Hispanic individuals (compared to White non-Hispanic (WNH)) (OR = 1.28, 95%CI: 1.23–1.33, P < .001) and males (OR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.29–1.33, P < .001). Black non-Hispanic individuals (OR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.88–0.92, P < .001) and those residing in metropolitan areas (OR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.96–0.96, P < .001) were less likely to receive surgical treatment compared to WNH individuals. Overall median survival was 137 months, and survival was higher in higher SES counties (Q5 median survival = 142 months). Conclusions Higher county-level SES was associated with increased meningioma incidence, surgical treatment, and overall survival. Racial–ethnic stratification identified potential disparities within the meningioma population. Further work is needed to understand the underpinnings of socioeconomic and racial disparities for meningioma patients.