Fitness-related consequences of competitive interactions between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon at different proportional representations of wild–farmed hybrids

Abstract

AbstractHoude, A. S., Fraser, D. J., and Hutchings, J. A. 2010. Fitness-related consequences of competitive interactions between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon at different proportional representations of wild–farmed hybrids. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 657–667. Escaped farmed fish possess heritable characteristics that may give them and their wild–farmed hybrid offspring a competitive advantage over wild fish. Limited research has examined whether the results of wild vs. farmed pairwise behavioural contests can predict the change in fitness-related traits of wild fish when exposed to wild–farmed hybrids, or to different proportions of such hybrids, within stream environments. Pairwise aggression tests on North American Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) revealed that regional farmed salmon and wild–farmed hybrids (F1, F2, and wild backcrosses) were more competitive than wild fish from two divergent populations. The ranking by which hybrids differed in competitive ability from wild fish also depended on the wild population. However, the magnitude of change in fitness-related traits of wild fish, such as mortality, size, and condition, from the same two populations could not be predicted from pairwise test results when replicate groups of wild fish were exposed to different proportions of hybrids (wild:hybrid ratios of 50:50, 70:30, and 85:15) in semi-natural stream environments. Notably, there was greater mortality of both wild and hybrid fish in treatments containing 30% hybrids for both populations; at a composition of 50% hybrids, the mortality of wild fish in one population increased more than it did in the other. The results suggest that for the life stage examined and provided the rate of farmed intrusion and wild–farmed interbreeding remains low (i.e. ≤15% hybrids), the effects of competitive interaction with their farmed counterparts may have comparatively little effect on the mortality of wild populations.