Post-release survival and prolonged sublethal effects of capture and barotrauma on deep-dwelling rockfishes (genus Sebastes): implications for fish management and conservation

Author:

Wegner Nicholas C1ORCID,Portner Elan J23ORCID,Nguyen Drew T4,Bellquist Lyall245ORCID,Nosal Andrew P46ORCID,Pribyl Alena L27,Stierhoff Kevin L1,Fischer Paul8,Franke Ken9,Vetter Russell D1,Hastings Philip A4,Semmens Brice X4,Hyde John R1

Affiliation:

1. Fisheries Resources Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA

2. National Research Council under contract to Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA

3. Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA

4. Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA

5. The Nature Conservancy, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA

6. Department of Environmental and Ocean Sciences, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, USA

7. Microba Life Sciences, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia

8. Outer Limits Sportfishing, San Diego, CA 92109, USA

9. Sportfishing Association of California, San Diego, CA 92106, USA

Abstract

Abstract Barotrauma—injury induced by changes in pressure—is a widespread challenge for successfully releasing fishes following capture. We used acoustic telemetry to examine the long-term post-release survival and behaviour of four rockfish species (genus Sebastes) suffering from barotrauma following capture using recreational fishing techniques. We placed particular emphasis on examining Cowcod (Sebastes levis) and Bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis), two historically overfished species along the United States West Coast that serve as good model species representing different ecological lifestyles. We show that fish survival was species specific and that 40% of observed mortality occurred more than 48 h post release—a typical time period used in many short-term survivorship studies. Cowcod survival was correlated with fish length, sea surface temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentration at the mean depth of capture. Generalized additive mixed models of Cowcod and Bocaccio behaviour showed that surviving individuals were negatively affected by capture and barotrauma for at least 30 d post-release. Our findings demonstrate the need for extended observations to accurately quantify the mortality of fishes suffering from barotrauma and show how such data can be successfully implemented into fisheries management through engagement between managers, scientists, and the fishing community.

Funder

NOAA

Bycatch Reduction Engineering Program

National Fish and Wildlife Foundation

National Cooperative Research Grant

World Wildlife Fund

Link Family Foundation

Sportfishing Association of California

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Ecology,Aquatic Science,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics,Oceanography

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