Developing an Observing Air–Sea Interactions Strategy (OASIS) for the global ocean

Author:

Cronin M F1ORCID,Swart S23ORCID,Marandino C A4ORCID,Anderson C5,Browne P6ORCID,Chen S7,Joubert W R8,Schuster U9,Venkatesan R1011,Addey C I1213ORCID,Alves O14,Ardhuin F15,Battle S116,Bourassa M A17,Chen Z18,Chory M19ORCID,Clayson C20ORCID,de Souza R B21ORCID,du Plessis M2ORCID,Edmondson M19,Edson J B20,Gille S T5,Hermes J22ORCID,Hormann V5ORCID,Josey S A23,Kurz M24,Lee T25,Maicu F26,Moustahfid E H2728,Nicholson S-A29ORCID,Nyadjro E S3031ORCID,Palter J32ORCID,Patterson R G33ORCID,Penny S G3435ORCID,Pezzi L P36,Pinardi N26,Reeves Eyre J E J3738ORCID,Rome N19,Subramanian A C39,Stienbarger C40,Steinhoff T441,Sutton A J1,Tomita H42ORCID,Wills S M43ORCID,Wilson C19,Yu L20

Affiliation:

1. Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , 7600 Sandpoint Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 , USA

2. Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg , 40530 Gothenburg , Sweden

3. Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town , Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700 , South Africa

4. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel , Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel , Germany

5. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, CA 92093 , USA

6. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts , Shinfield Park, Reading RG2 9AX , UK

7. State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources , Hangzhou 310012 , China

8. South African Weather Service , Private Bag X097, Pretoria 0001 , South Africa

9. Department of Geography, University of Exeter , Exeter EX4 4RJ , UK

10. National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences , Chennai 600100 , India

11. University of Massachusetts Dartmouth , Dartmouth, MA , USA

12. State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361102 , China

13. Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, HI 96822 , USA

14. Bureau of Meteorology , Docklands, Melbourne, VIC 3008 , Australia

15. Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest 29238 , France

16. Innovim LLC , Greenbelt, MD 20770 , USA

17. Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science and Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies, Florida State University , Tallahassee, FL 32310 , USA

18. Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China , Qingdao, Shandong 266005 , China

19. Consortium for Ocean Leadership , Washington, DC 20005 , USA

20. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution , Woods Hole, MA 02543 , USA

21. Earth System Numerical Modeling Division, National Institute for Space Research , Cachoeira Paulista, Sao Paulo 12630-000 , Brazil

22. South African Environmental Observation Network , Foreshore, 8001, Cape Town , South Africa

23. National Oceanography Centre , Southampton SO14 3ZH , UK

24. Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , Silver Spring, MD 20910 , USA

25. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91109 , USA

26. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna , 40129 Bologna , Italy

27. Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program, Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , Silver Spring, MD 20910 , USA

28. U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , Silver Spring, MD 20910 , USA

29. Southern Ocean Carbon-Climate Observatory, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research , Rosebank, Cape Town 7700 , South Africa

30. Northern Gulf Institute, Mississippi State University, Stennis Space Center , MS 39529 , USA

31. National Centers for Environmental Information, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , Stennis Space Center, MS 39529 , USA

32. Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island , Narragansett, RI 02882 , USA

33. Charles Darwin University , Casuarina, Darwin, NT 0810 , Australia

34. Sofar Ocean Technologies , San Francisco, CA 94105 , USA

35. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO 80309 , USA

36. Laboratory of Ocean and Atmosphere Studies (LOA), Earth Observation and Geoinformatics Division, National Institute for Space Research (OBT/INPE) , São José dos Campos, SP 12227-010 , Brazil

37. ERT Inc. , Laurel, MD 20707 , USA

38. NOAA/NWS/NCEP Climate Prediction Center , College Park, MD 20740 , USA

39. Dept. of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, CO 80309 , USA

40. University Corporation for Atmospheric Research of Colorado Boulder, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO 80309 , USA

41. NORCE Norwegian Research Centre , Jahnebakken 5, 5007 Bergen , Norway

42. Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University , Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810 , Japan

43. Cooperative Institute for Climate Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies, University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98105 , USA

Abstract

Abstract The Observing Air–Sea Interactions Strategy (OASIS) is a new United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development programme working to develop a practical, integrated approach for observing air–sea interactions globally for improved Earth system (including ecosystem) forecasts, CO2 uptake assessments called for by the Paris Agreement, and invaluable surface ocean information for decision makers. Our “Theory of Change” relies upon leveraged multi-disciplinary activities, partnerships, and capacity strengthening. Recommendations from >40 OceanObs’19 community papers and a series of workshops have been consolidated into three interlinked Grand Ideas for creating #1: a globally distributed network of mobile air–sea observing platforms built around an expanded array of long-term time-series stations; #2: a satellite network, with high spatial and temporal resolution, optimized for measuring air–sea fluxes; and #3: improved representation of air–sea coupling in a hierarchy of Earth system models. OASIS activities are organized across five Theme Teams: (1) Observing Network Design & Model Improvement; (2) Partnership & Capacity Strengthening; (3) UN Decade OASIS Actions; (4) Best Practices & Interoperability Experiments; and (5) Findable–Accessible–Interoperable–Reusable (FAIR) models, data, and OASIS products. Stakeholders, including researchers, are actively recruited to participate in Theme Teams to help promote a predicted, safe, clean, healthy, resilient, and productive ocean.

Funder

National Science Foundation

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Ecology,Aquatic Science,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics,Oceanography

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