Structure of the Gonghe Sedimentary Basin in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau: evidence from teleseismicPwaves recorded by a dense seismic array

Author:

Deng Yufeng123,Li Zhiwei4ORCID,Huang Song12,Xu Ya12ORCID,Hao Tianyao123,Bao Feng5,Zhang Senqi6,Li Shengtao6,Jia Xiaofeng6,Tian Puyuan6,Zhang Shengsheng7,Zang Nan8,Zhang Wei8ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China

2. Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China

3. College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China

4. Science and Technology on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering , Beijing 100094 , China

5. Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430077 , China

6. Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Survey, China Geological Survey , Baoding 071051 , China

7. Institute of the Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology of Qinghai , Xining 810008 , China

8. Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China

Abstract

SUMMARYThe Gonghe Basin in the northeast Tibetan Plateau presents significant potential for hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal resources. A 1990 Mw 6.4 earthquake in the basin furthers the need for an improved understanding of its sedimentary structure. In this study, we utilize data from a dense seismic array of 88 short-period seismometers deployed at an interstation spacing of approximately 3 km to scrutinize the sedimentary structure of the Gonghe Basin. By analysing teleseismic P waveforms, we identify P-to-S converted waves (Ps wave) originating from the sedimentary basement. We then determine the delay time between the Ps waves and the direct P waves (P wave) through waveform cross-correlation. By integrating this delay time with empirical velocity structure models, HDR borehole data and results from teleseismic receiver function analysis, we derive a sediment thickness model of the Gonghe Basin for the Qabqa geothermal area. Our findings reveal a gradual increase in sediment thickness from around 500 m in the east to approximately 3000 m in the west, which is consistent with other geophysical surveys and borehole data. The thick sediments in the basin could potentially serve as an excellent thermal storage cover for HDR. The strong ground motion simulation using our sediment thickness model shows that thick sediments can amplify seismic waves, increasing the risk of seismic hazards. Moreover, our study indicates that the clear Ps waves can be effectively extracted to construct a dependable sediment thickness model using teleseismic P waves recorded by a short-period dense seismic array.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

China Geological Survey

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Geochemistry and Petrology,Geophysics

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