Affiliation:
1. Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources , Chengdu , China
2. School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu , China
3. Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education , Chengdu , China
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The role and mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs), as well as the research of its new formulations are reviewed, which provides a new strategy for the clinical application of TMP.
Methods
We searched the databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and CNKI for relevant literature from 1991 to 2021 by searching for the keywords “TMP”, “ligustrazine”, “cardiovascular disease” and “nanoformulation”. The inclusion criteria are as follows: (1) the literature is an experimental article, (2) the article studies cardiovascular and cerebrovascular-related diseases and (3) the article also includes the pharmacy research of TMP. A total of 160 articles were screened.
Key findings
TMP has various pharmacological effects in the treatment of many CCVDs, such as atherosclerosis, myocardium, cerebral ischemia, reperfusion injury and hypertension. Its protective effects are mainly related to its anti-platelet activity, protection of endothelial cells, and anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. In addition to pharmacological activity studies, the information of the new formulations is also significant for the further development and utilization of TMP.
Conclusions
Above all, TMP can protect cardio-cerebro vessels, and preparing new formulations can improve its bioavailability, indicating that TMP has broad prospects in the treatment of CCVDs.
Funder
National Science Foundation of China
Sichuan Science and Technology Program
Xinglin Scholar Research Premotion Project of Chengdu University of TCM
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Subject
Pharmaceutical Science,Pharmacology
Cited by
6 articles.
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