Seoul Virus Infection and Spread in United States Home-Based Ratteries: Rat and Human Testing Results From a Multistate Outbreak Investigation
Author:
Knust Barbara1ORCID, Brown Shelley1, de St. Maurice Annabelle1ORCID, Whitmer Shannon1, Koske Sarah E2, Ervin Elizabeth1, Patel Ketan1, Graziano James1, Morales-Betoulle Maria E1, House Jennifer3, Cannon Deborah1, Kerins Janna14, Holzbauer Stacy5, Austin Connie6, Gibbons-Burgener Suzanne2, Colton Leah3, Dunn John7, Zufan Sara1, Choi Mary Joung1, Davis William R1, Chiang Cheng-Feng1, Manning Craig R1, Roesch Linda1, Shoemaker Trevor1, Purpura Lawrence1, McQuiston Jennifer1, Peterson Dallin8, Radcliffe Rachel9, Garvey Ann9, Christel Ellen10, Morgan Laura11, Scheftel Joni5, Kazmierczak James2, Klena John D1, Nichol Stuart T1, Rollin Pierre E1, Jones Dee, Weinstein Susan, Buck Peter, Barton Behravesh Casey, Genzer Sarah, Jackson Eddie, M. Harley Jenks, Langham Gregory, Lathrop George, Patel Nishi, Powell Nathaniel, Straily Anne, Ströher Ute, Marzec Natalie, Luong Nhiem, Stanek Danielle, Gabel Julie, Carter Kris, Lovejoy Jodi, Brown Jennifer, Schroeder Betsy, Layden Jennifer, Balsamo Gary, Blythe David, Castillo Caroline, Sidge Jennifer, Grace Stobierski Mary, Hall Victoria, Ireland Malia, Signs Kimberly, Pue Howard, Campbell Colin, Baber Jill, Cronquist Laura, Feist Michelle, Keller Susan, Singh Amber, Gowdy Karen, Middleton Dean, Achenbach Jan, D. Dycus Drew, Smee Aaron, Weltman Andre, Margaret Fill Mary, Henderson Heather, Jones Timothy, Stephen May Andrew, Mullins Heather, Sidwa Tom, Nakashima Allyn, Foelker Dennis, Dieckman Jordan, F. Klos Rachel, Kocharian Anna,
Affiliation:
1. United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA 2. Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 3. Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado, USA 4. Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA 5. Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA 6. Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, Illinois, USA 7. Tennessee Department of Health, Nashville, Tennessee, USA 8. Utah Department of Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA 9. South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, Columbia, South Carolina, USA 10. Iowa Department of Public Health, Des Moines, Iowa, USA 11. Manitowoc County Health Department, Manitowoc, Wisconsin, USA
Abstract
Abstract
Background
During 2017, a multistate outbreak investigation occurred after the confirmation of Seoul virus (SEOV) infections in people and pet rats. A total of 147 humans and 897 rats were tested.
Methods
In addition to immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM serology and traditional reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), novel quantitative RT-PCR primers/probe were developed, and whole genome sequencing was performed.
Results
Seventeen people had SEOV IgM, indicating recent infection; 7 reported symptoms and 3 were hospitalized. All patients recovered. Thirty-one facilities in 11 US states had SEOV infection, and among those with ≥10 rats tested, rat IgG prevalence ranged 2%–70% and SEOV RT-PCR positivity ranged 0%–70%. Human laboratory-confirmed cases were significantly associated with rat IgG positivity and RT-PCR positivity (P = .03 and P = .006, respectively). Genomic sequencing identified >99.5% homology between SEOV sequences in this outbreak, and these were >99% identical to SEOV associated with previous pet rat infections in England, the Netherlands, and France. Frequent trade of rats between home-based ratteries contributed to transmission of SEOV between facilities.
Conclusions
Pet rat owners, breeders, and the healthcare and public health community should be aware and take steps to prevent SEOV transmission in pet rats and to humans. Biosecurity measures and diagnostic testing can prevent further infections.
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Immunology and Allergy
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