A Prototype-Pathogen Approach for the Development of Flavivirus Countermeasures

Author:

Kuhn Richard J12ORCID,Barrett Alan D T34,Desilva Aravinda M5,Harris Eva6,Kramer Laura D7,Montgomery Ruth R8,Pierson Theodore C9,Sette Alessandro1011,Diamond Michael S1213

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana , USA

2. Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana , USA

3. Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas , USA

4. Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas , USA

5. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina , USA

6. Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, California , USA

7. School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany , Albany, New York , USA

8. Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut , USA

9. Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland , USA

10. Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology , La Jolla, California , USA

11. Department of Medicine, University of California in San Diego , San Diego, California , USA

12. Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, Missouri , USA

13. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, Missouri , USA

Abstract

Abstract Flaviviruses are a genus within the Flaviviridae family of positive-strand RNA viruses and are transmitted principally through mosquito and tick vectors. These viruses are responsible for hundreds of millions of human infections worldwide per year that result in a range of illnesses from self-limiting febrile syndromes to severe neurotropic and viscerotropic diseases and, in some cases, death. A vaccine against the prototype flavivirus, yellow fever virus, has been deployed for 85 years and is highly effective. While vaccines against some medically important flaviviruses are available, others have proven challenging to develop. The emergence and spread of flaviviruses, including dengue virus and Zika virus, demonstrate their pandemic potential. This review highlights the gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed to allow for the rapid development of vaccines against emerging flaviviruses in the future.

Funder

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Immunology and Allergy

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