Durability of SARS-CoV-2–Specific T-Cell Responses at 12 Months Postinfection
Author:
Lu Zhongyan12, Laing Eric D3, Pena DaMata Jarina12, Pohida Katherine4, Tso Marana S3, Samuels Emily C23, Epsi Nusrat J25, Dorjbal Batsukh24, Lake Camille24, Richard Stephanie A25, Maves Ryan C6, Lindholm David A7, Rozman Julia S25, English Caroline25, Huprikar Nikhil8, Mende Katrin257, Colombo Rhonda E259, Colombo Christopher J9, Broder Christopher C3, Ganesan Anuradha258, Lanteri Charlotte A5, Agan Brian K25, Tribble David5, Simons Mark P5, Dalgard Clifton L10, Blair Paul W211, Chenoweth Josh211, Pollett Simon D25, Snow Andrew L4, Burgess Timothy H5, Malloy Allison M W1ORCID, Cowden J, Deleon S, Markelz A, Mende K, Merritt T, Merritt S, Walter R, Wellington T, Bazan S, Kay P, Brandon L, Dimascio-Johnson N, Ewers E, Gallagher K, Larson D, Odom M, Rutt A, Clark D, Chambers S, Conlon C, Everson K, Faestel P, Ferguson T, Gordon L, Grogan S, Lis S, Mount C, Musfeldt D, Robb-McGrath W, Sainato R, Schofield C, Skinner C, Stein M, Switzer M, Timlin M, Wood S, Atwood G, Banks S, Carpenter R, Eickhoff C, Kronmann K, Lalani T, Lee T, Smith A, Tant R, Warkentien T, Arnold J, Berjohn C, Cammarata S, Husain S, Kirkland N, Lane A, Parrish J, Utz G, Chi S, Filan E, Fong K, Horseman T, Jones M, Kanis A, Kayatani A, Londeree W, Madar C, Masel J, McMahon M, Miyasato K, Murphy G, Ngauy V, Schoenman E, Uyehara C, Villacorta Lyew R, Byrne C, Chung K, Coles C, Fox C, Grother M, Gunasekera D, Hickey P, Livezey J, Morales C, Oliver T, Parmelee E, Rusiecki J, Sanchez-Edwards M, Scher A, Fries A, Barahona I, Gunasekera D, Oyeneyin M, Banda M, Davis B, Hunter T, Ikpekpe-Magege O, Kemp S, Mody R, Resendez R, Sandoval P, Wiggins M,
Affiliation:
1. Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA 2. Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA 3. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA 4. Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA 5. Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA 6. Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, USA 7. Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA 8. Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA 9. Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA 10. Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA 11. Austere Environments Consortium for Enhanced Sepsis Outcomes, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Characterizing the longevity and quality of cellular immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enhances understanding of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immunity that influences clinical outcomes. Prior studies suggest SARS-CoV-2–specific T cells are present in peripheral blood 10 months after infection. Analysis of the function, durability, and diversity of cellular response long after natural infection, over a range of ages and disease phenotypes, is needed to identify preventative and therapeutic interventions.
Methods
We identified participants in our multisite longitudinal, prospective cohort study 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection representing a range of disease severity. We investigated function, phenotypes, and frequency of T cells specific for SARS-CoV-2 using intracellular cytokine staining and spectral flow cytometry, and compared magnitude of SARS-CoV-2–specific antibodies.
Results
SARS-CoV-2–specific antibodies and T cells were detected 12 months postinfection. Severe acute illness was associated with higher frequencies of SARS-CoV-2–specific CD4 T cells and antibodies at 12 months. In contrast, polyfunctional and cytotoxic T cells responsive to SARS-CoV-2 were identified in participants over a wide spectrum of disease severity.
Conclusions
SARS-CoV-2 infection induces polyfunctional memory T cells detectable at 12 months postinfection, with higher frequency noted in those who experienced severe disease.
Funder
Defense Health Program National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Immunology and Allergy
Cited by
29 articles.
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