Increasing Frequency and Transmission of HIV-1 Non-B Subtypes Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Author:
Duran Ramirez Jessy J12ORCID, Ballouz Tala123, Nguyen Huyen12, Kusejko Katharina12, Chaudron Sandra E12, Huber Michael2, Hirsch Hans H45, Perreau Matthieu6, Ramette Alban7ORCID, Yerly Sabine8, Cavassini Matthias9ORCID, Stöckle Marcel4, Furrer Hansjakob10, Vernazza Pietro11, Bernasconi Enos12, Günthard Huldrych F12, Kouyos Roger D12ORCID, Aebi-Popp K, Anagnostopoulos A, Battegay M, Bernasconi E, Böni J, Braun D L, Bucher H C, Calmy A, Cavassini M, Ciuffi A, Dollenmaier G, Egger M, Elzi L, Fehr J, Fellay J, Furrer H, A Fux C, Günthard H F, Haerry D, Hasse B, Hirsch H H, Hoffmann M, Hösli I, Huber M, Kahlert C R, Kaiser L, Keiser O, Klimkait T, Kouyos R D, Kovari H, Kusejko K, Ledergerber B, Martinetti G, Martinez de Tejada B, Marzolini C, Metzner K J, Müller N, Nicca D, Paioni P, Pantaleo G, Perreau M, Rauch A, Rudin C, Schmid P, Speck R, Stöckle M, Tarr P, Trkola A, Vernazza P, Wandeler G, Weber R, Yerly S,
Affiliation:
1. Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 2. Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 3. Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 4. Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland 5. Transplantation and Clinical Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland 6. Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland 7. Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 8. Laboratory of Virology and Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospital, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland 9. Division of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland 10. Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 11. Division of Infectious Diseases, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland 12. Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In Switzerland, HIV-1 transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM) has been dominated by subtype B, whilst non-B subtypes are commonly attributed to infections acquired abroad among heterosexuals. Here, we evaluated the temporal trends of non-B subtypes and the characteristics of molecular transmission clusters (MTCs) among MSM.
Methods
Sociodemographic and clinical data and partial pol sequences were obtained from participants enrolled in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. For non-B subtypes, maximum likelihood trees were constructed, from which Swiss MTCs were identified and analyzed by transmission group.
Results
Non-B subtypes were identified in 8.1% (416/5116) of MSM participants. CRF01_AE was the most prevalent strain (3.5%), followed by subtype A (1.2%), F (1.1%), CRF02_AG (1.1%), C (0.9%), and G (0.3%). Between 1990 and 2019, an increase in the proportion of newly diagnosed individuals (0/123 [0%] to 11/32 [34%]) with non-B subtypes in MSM was found. Across all non-B subtypes, the majority of MSM MTCs were European. Larger MTCs were observed for MSM than heterosexuals.
Conclusions
We found a substantial increase in HIV-1 non-B subtypes among MSM in Switzerland and the occurrence of large MTCs, highlighting the importance of molecular surveillance in guiding public health strategies targeting the HIV-1 epidemic.
Funder
Swiss National Science Foundation Yvonne-Jacob Foundation University of Zurich Zurich Primary HIV Infection Cohort Study Gilead Sciences
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Immunology and Allergy
Cited by
5 articles.
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