Mucosal Immunity to Poliovirus in Children 0–15 Years of Age: A Community-Based Study in Karachi, Pakistan in 2019

Abstract

Abstract This study assesses poliovirus type 1 (PV1) immunity in children to inform the contribution of mucosal immunity in and prevention of poliovirus circulation. A community-based study was conducted in periurban Karachi, Pakistan. Randomly selected children (0–15 years of age) received oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) challenge dose. Blood and stool samples were collected at several time points and evaluated for polio-neutralizing antibodies and serotype-specific poliovirus, respectively. Eighty-one of 589 (14%) children excreted PV1 7 days post-OPV challenge; 70 of 81 (86%) were seropositive at baseline. Twelve of 610 (2%) were asymptomatic wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) excretors. Most poliovirus excretors had humoral immunity, suggesting mucosal immunity in these children likely waned or never developed. Without mucosal immunity, they are susceptible to poliovirus infection, shedding, and transmission. Asymptomatic WPV1 excretion suggests undetected poliovirus circulation within the community.