Prepandemic Metabolic Correlates of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Severity and Long COVID Incidence in People Living With HIV

Author:

Agrawal Priyesh1,Giron Leila B2,Singh Shalini2,Haw Nel Jason3,Goldman Aaron R2,Elkaeid Mohamed2,Macatangay Bernard4,Palella Frank J5,Alcaide Maria L6,Moran Caitlin A7,Kassaye Seble G8,Erdmann Nathan9,Chew Kara W10ORCID,Floris-Moore Michelle11,Chandran Aruna3,Augenbraun Michael H12,Sharma Anjali13,Palmer Clovis1415,Landay Alan L16,Peluso Michael J17,Keshavarzian Ali1618,Brown Todd T19,Tien Phyllis C17,Abdel-Mohsen Mohamed2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Adaptive Phage Therapeutics , Gaithersburg, Maryland , USA

2. The Wistar Institute , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , USA

3. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland , USA

4. Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , USA

5. Department of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois , USA

6. Infectious Diseases Research Unit, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida , USA

7. Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia , USA

8. Department of Medicine, Georgetown University , Washington, DC , USA

9. School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama , USA

10. Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California , USA

11. School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina , USA

12. Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University , Brooklyn, New York , USA

13. Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, New York , USA

14. Tulane National Primate Research Center , Covington, Louisiana , USA

15. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana , USA

16. Department of Medicine, Rush University , Chicago, Illinois , USA

17. Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California , USA

18. Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University , Chicago, Illinois , USA

19. School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland , USA

Abstract

Abstract Host metabolic dysregulation, especially in tryptophan metabolism, is intricately linked to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and its postacute sequelae (long COVID). People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH) experience similar metabolic dysregulation and face an increased risk of developing long COVID. However, whether preexisting HIV-associated metabolic dysregulations contribute in predisposing PLWH to severe COVID-19 outcomes remains underexplored. Analyzing prepandemic samples from PLWH with documented postinfection outcomes, we found specific metabolic alterations, including increased tryptophan catabolism, predicting an elevated risk of severe COVID-19 and the incidence of long COVID. These alterations warrant further investigation for their potential prognostic and mechanistic significance in determining COVID-19 complications.

Funder

American Lung Association

NIH

Penn Center for AIDS Research

BEAT-HIV Martin Delaney Collaboratory

to Cure HIV-1 Infection by Combination Immunotherapy

TUHS Auxiliary Endowment for Excellence

at TNRPC

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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