Estimates of Hepatitis C Seroprevalence and Viremia in State Prison Populations in the United States

Author:

Spaulding Anne C1,Kennedy Shanika S1,Osei Jeffery1,Sidibeh Ebrima1,Batina Isabella V1,Chhatwal Jagpreet2ORCID,Akiyama Matthew J34,Strick Lara B5

Affiliation:

1. Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia

2. Massachusetts General Hospital Institute for Technology Assessment, Harvard Medical School , Boston

3. Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine

4. Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center , New York, New York

5. Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle

Abstract

Abstract Background Prior studies demonstrate that eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the United States (US) heavily depends on treating incarcerated persons. Knowing the scope of the carceral HCV epidemic by state will help guide national elimination efforts. Methods Between 2019 and 2023, all state prison systems received surveys requesting data on hepatitis C antibody and viremic prevalence. We supplemented survey information with publicly available HCV data to corroborate responses and fill in data gaps. Results Weighting HCV prevalence by state prison population size, we estimate that 15.2% of the US prison population is HCV seropositive and 8.7% is viremic; 54.9% of seropositive persons have detectable RNA. Applying prevalence estimates to the total prison population at year-end 2021, 91 090 persons with HCV infection resided in a state prison. Conclusions With updated and more complete HCV data from all 50 states, HCV prevalence in state prisons is nearly 9-fold higher than the US general population. The heterogeneity in HCV prevalence by state prison system may reflect variable exposure before arrest and/or differences in treatment availability during incarceration. Elimination of HCV in the country depends on addressing the carceral epidemic, and one of the first steps is understanding the size of the problem.

Funder

National Science Foundation

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Immunology and Allergy

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