Affiliation:
1. Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Research Institute, Rochester General Hospital , Rochester, NewYork
2. Lam College of Business, San Francisco State University , San Francisco, California
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Variability in vaccine responsiveness among young children is poorly understood.
Methods
Nasopharyngeal secretions were collected in the first weeks of life for measurement of cytokines/chemokines seeking a biomarker, and blood samples were collected at age 1 year to identify vaccine responsiveness status, defined as low vaccine responder (LVR), normal vaccine responder (NVR), and high vaccine responder (HVR), to test for vaccine antigen–induced immune memory and for antigen-presenting cell (APC) function.
Results
Significantly lower specific cytokine/chemokine levels as biosignatures, measurable in nasopharyngeal secretions at infant age 1–3 weeks, predicted LVR status compared to NVR and HVR children. Antibiotic exposures were correlated with increased occurrence of LVR. At age 1 year, LVRs had fewer CD4+ T-helper 1 and T-helper 2 memory cells responsive to specific vaccine antigens. APC responses observed among LVRs, both at rest and in response to Toll-like receptor 7/8 stimulation by R848, were suboptimal, suggesting that altered innate immunity may contribute to immune deficiency in LVRs.
Conclusions
Cytokine biosignatures in the first weeks of life may predict vaccine responsiveness in children during the first year of life. Antibiotic exposure is associated with LVR in children. CD4+ T-cell memory induction and APC deficiencies occur in LVR children.
Funder
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Immunology and Allergy
Cited by
1 articles.
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