Real-World Effectiveness of Primary Series and Booster Doses of Inactivated Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Against Omicron BA.2 Variant Infection in China: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Author:

Tang Lin1,Wang Fu-Zhen1,Rodewald Lance E1,Wang Xuan-Yi2,Liu Si-Yu1,Liu Qian-Qian1,Wang Xiao-Qi1,Wu Dan1,Li Ming-Shuang1,Zhang Qian1,Shao Yi-Ming3,Huang Li-Fang14,Song Yu-Dan1,Huang Yong15,Zeng Xiang167,Liu Li-Jun18,Yang Hong1,Huang Ao-Di1,Bao Li-Ming1,Zheng Hui1,Ma Chao1,Lv Xiao-Ya9,Song Lei9,Ma Zhao9,Wang Shu-Guang9,Ma Hao9,Guan Wei-Jie10,Wu Zhi-Yin9,Zhong Nan-Shan10,Yin Zun-Dong1

Affiliation:

1. National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing

2. Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai

3. State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing

4. Department of Immunization Program, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Fuzhou

5. Department of Immunization Program, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangzhou

6. China Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing

7. Department of Immunization Program, Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangzhou

8. Department of Immunization Program, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Chengdu

9. Development Center for Medicine and Science and Technology, National Health Commission , Beijing

10. Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China

Abstract

Abstract Background China has been using inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines as primary series and booster doses to protect the population from severe to fatal COVID-19. We evaluated primary and booster vaccine effectiveness (VE) against Omicron BA.2 infection outcomes. Methods This was a 13-province retrospective cohort study of quarantined close contacts of BA.2-infected individuals. Outcomes were BA.2 infection, COVID-19 pneumonia or worse, and severe/critical COVID-19. Absolute VE was estimated by comparison with an unvaccinated group. Results There were 289 427 close contacts ≥3 years old exposed to Omicron BA.2 cases; 31 831 turned nucleic acid amplification test–positive during quarantine, 97.2% with mild or asymptomatic infection, 2.6% with COVID-19 pneumonia, and 0.15% with severe/critical COVID-19. None died. Adjusted VE (aVE) against any infection was 17% for primary series and 22% when boosted. Primary series aVE in adults >18 years was 66% against COVID-19 pneumonia or worse and 91% against severe/critical COVID-19. Booster dose aVE was 74% against pneumonia or worse, and 93% against severe/critical COVID-19. Conclusions Inactivated COVID-19 vaccines provided modest protection from infection, very good protection against pneumonia, and excellent protection against severe/critical COVID-19. Booster doses are necessary to provide strongest protection.

Funder

Evaluation of Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccine

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Immunology and Allergy

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