Risk of Subsequent Respiratory Virus Detection After Primary Virus Detection in a Community Household Study—King County, Washington, 2019–2021

Author:

Heimonen Jessica1ORCID,Chow Eric J123ORCID,Wang Yongzhe1,Hughes James P45,Rogers Julia1,Emanuels Anne1ORCID,O’Hanlon Jessica1,Han Peter D6,Wolf Caitlin R1,Logue Jennifer K1,Ogokeh Constance E78,Rolfes Melissa A7,Uyeki Timothy M7,Starita Lea69ORCID,Englund Janet A1011,Chu Helen Y1

Affiliation:

1. Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington , USA

2. Prevention Division, Public Health—Seattle & King County , Seattle, Washington , USA

3. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington , USA

4. Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, Washington , USA

5. Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington , USA

6. Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine , Seattle, Washington , USA

7. Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA

8. Military and Health Research Foundation , Laurel, Maryland , USA

9. Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington , USA

10. Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Seattle Children's Research Institute , Seattle, Washington , USA

11. Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington , USA

Abstract

Abstract Background The epidemiology of respiratory viral infections is complex. How infection with one respiratory virus affects risk of subsequent infection with the same or another respiratory virus is not well described. Methods From October 2019 to June 2021, enrolled households completed active surveillance for acute respiratory illness (ARI), and participants with ARI self-collected nasal swab specimens; after April 2020, participants with ARI or laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and their household members self-collected nasal swab specimens. Specimens were tested using multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction for respiratory viruses. A Cox regression model with a time-dependent covariate examined risk of subsequent detections following a specific primary viral detection. Results Rhinovirus was the most frequently detected pathogen in study specimens (406 [9.5%]). Among 51 participants with multiple viral detections, rhinovirus to seasonal coronavirus (8 [14.8%]) was the most common viral detection pairing. Relative to no primary detection, there was a 1.03–2.06-fold increase in risk of subsequent virus detection in the 90 days after primary detection; risk varied by primary virus: human parainfluenza virus, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus were statistically significant. Conclusions Primary virus detection was associated with higher risk of subsequent virus detection within the first 90 days after primary detection.

Funder

Gates Ventures

US Centers of Disease Control and Prevention

National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Immunology and Allergy

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