Persistent Antibody Responses Up to 18 Months After Mild Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection

Author:

Choe Pyoeng Gyun1,Hong Jisu23,Park Jiyoung23,Chang Euijin1,Kang Chang Kyung1,Kim Nam Joong1,Lee Chang Han2345,Park Wan Beom1,Oh Myoung don1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea

2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea

3. Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea

4. BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea

5. Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University , Hongcheon , Republic of Korea

Abstract

Abstract Background Humoral immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may wane rapidly in persons recovered from mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but little is known about the longevity. Methods Serum samples were obtained 8, 12, and 18 months after infection from 20 patients with mild COVID-19. The binding activities of serum antibodies (immunoglobulin [Ig]A, IgG, and IgM) against SARS-CoV-2 antigens of the Wuhan-1 reference strain (wild-type) and the B.1.1.7, P.1, B.1.167.2, and B.1.1.529 variants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Neutralizing antibody titers were measured using a cytopathic effect-based live virus neutralization assay. Results Serum IgA and IgG antibodies against spike or receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 were detected for up to 18 months, and neutralizing antibodies persisted for 8 to 18 months after infection. However, any significant antibody responses against RBD proteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants were not observed, and median neutralizing antibody titers against the Delta variant at 8, 12, and 18 months were 8- to 11-fold lower than against wild-type viruses (P<.001). Conclusions Humoral immunity persisted for up to 18 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with mild COVID-19. However, humoral immune activity against more recently circulating variants was reduced in this population.

Funder

Creative-Pioneering Researchers Program

Seoul National University

Bio and Medical Technology Development Program

National Research Foundation

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Immunology and Allergy

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