Shifting Patterns of Respiratory Virus Activity Following Social Distancing Measures for Coronavirus Disease 2019 in South Korea

Author:

Park Sangshin1ORCID,Michelow Ian C23,Choe Young June4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Graduate School of Urban Public Health, University of Seoul, Seoul,Republic of Korea

2. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island,USA

3. Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA

4. Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Abstract

Abstract Background We hypothesized that nationwide social distancing and other preventive measures for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were associated with reduced detection of other respiratory viruses in South Korea. Methods We analyzed national surveillance data to compare incidence of respiratory viruses during 2016–2019 vs 2020. Results of multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays for 8 respiratory viruses were included: adenovirus (ADV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus (IFV), human coronavirus (HCoV; non–SARS-CoV-2), human rhinovirus (HRV), human bocavirus (HBoV), and human metapneumovirus (HMPV). Results During 2016–2019, rates of detection of respiratory viruses were relatively stable: ADV, 3.7%–9.2%; PIV, 1.4%–17.0%; RSV, 0.3%–15.3%; IFV, 0.4%–35.6%; HCoV, 1.5%–8.4%; HRV, 7.0%–25.1%; HBoV, 0.6%–6.3%; and HMPV, 0.7%–14.5%. Following implementation of social distancing in February 2020, rates of detection of enveloped viruses (HCoV, HMPV, IFV, PIV, and RSV) were significantly reduced by up to 100%. However, nonenveloped viruses (ADV, HRV, and HBoV) persisted throughout 2020, and HRV rates in hospitalized patients significantly increased. Conclusions After implementation of social distancing for SARS-CoV-2 in South Korea, rates of detection of enveloped respiratory viruses decreased significantly, whereas nonenveloped viruses persisted, suggesting that enhanced infection prevention strategies are required to mitigate spread of these viruses.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Immunology and Allergy

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