Affiliation:
1. United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
2. Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
3. Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background
Orogastric tube feeding is frequently prescribed for neonates who cannot ingest food normally. In a piglet model of the neonate, greater skeletal muscle growth is sustained by upregulation of translation initiation signaling when nutrition is delivered by intermittent bolus meals, rather than continuously.
Objectives
The objective of this study was to determine the long-term effects of feeding frequency on organ growth and the mechanism by which feeding frequency modulates protein anabolism in these organs.
Methods
Eighteen neonatal pigs were fed by gastrostomy tube the same amount of a sow milk replacer either by continuous infusion (CON) or on an intermittent bolus schedule (INT). After 21 d of feeding, the pigs were killed without interruption of feeding (CON; n = 6) or immediately before (INT-0; n = 6) or 60 min after (INT-60; n = 6) a meal, and fractional protein synthesis rates and activation indexes of signaling pathways that regulate translation initiation were measured in the heart, jejunum, ileum, kidneys, and liver.
Results
Compared with continuous feeding, intermittent feeding stimulated the growth of the liver (+64%), jejunum (+48%), ileum (+40%), heart (+64%), and kidney (+56%). The increases in heart, kidney, jejunum, and ileum masses were proportional to whole body lean weight gain, but liver weight gain was greater in the INT-60 than the CON, and intermediate for the INT-0 group. For the liver and ileum, but not the heart, kidney, and jejunum, INT-60 compared with CON pigs had greater fractional protein synthesis rates (22% and 48%, respectively) and was accompanied by an increase in ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 phosphorylation.
Conclusions
These results suggest that intermittent bolus compared with continuous orogastric feeding enhances organ growth and that in the ileum and liver, intermittent feeding enhances protein synthesis by stimulating translation initiation.
Funder
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
United States Department of Agriculture
USDA
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Subject
Nutrition and Dietetics,Food Science,Medicine (miscellaneous)
Cited by
5 articles.
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