1. Biostatistics Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
2. National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service, Public Health England, London, UK
3. National Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
4. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
5. Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
6. Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
7. Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK