Physical activity and risk of benign proliferative epithelial disorders of the breast, in the Women’s Health Initiative

Author:

Peila Rita1ORCID,Chlebowski Rowan T2,Ballinger Tarah J3,Kamensky Victor1,Richey Phyllis A4,Saquib Nazmus5,Shadyab Aladdin H6,Wassertheil-Smoller Sylvia1,Rohan Thomas E1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York City, NY, USA

2. Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA

3. Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Center, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA

4. Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA

5. Department of Epidemiology, College of Medicine at Sulaiman, Al Rajhi University, Saudi Arabia

6. Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

Abstract

Abstract Background Recreational physical activity (PA) has been shown to be inversely associated with breast cancer risk. However, the association of recreational PA with benign proliferative epithelial disorders (BPED) of the breast, conditions associated with increased risk of breast cancer, has not been adequately studied. Methods We used data from an ancillary study of benign breast disease conducted among the 68 132 postmenopausal women (aged 50–79 at recruitment) participating in the Women's Health Initiative randomized clinical trials. All clinical trial participants underwent annual or biennial mammogram screening. During the follow-up, for women who reported breast biopsies but were cancer free, the associated histological sections were obtained and subjected to standardized central pathology review. Self-reported recreational PA at baseline (n = 61 684) and at 3 years of the follow-up (n = 55 923) were quantified as metabolic equivalents [MET]-h/week. There were 1624 confirmed BPED cases during an average follow-up time of 7.7 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Higher average PA over 4 years was associated with lower risk of non-atypical BPED (P-trend = 0.02). There was a 6% lower risk of non-atypical BPED for every 5 MET-h/week increase between baseline and year 3 (HR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.89–0.99). Compared with women who remained inactive (PAbaseline and PAyear3 <9 MET-h/week), those who became active (PAbaseline<9 MET-h/week to PAyear3 ≥9 MET-h/weekee), remained active (PAbaseline and PAyear3 ≥9 MET-h/week), or decreased activity (PAbaseline ≥9 MET-h/week to PAyear3 <9 MET-h/week) had lower BPED risk. Conclusions Recreational physical activity after menopause was associated with lower BPED risk among postmenopausal women.

Funder

Breast Cancer Research Foundation

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

General Medicine,Epidemiology

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