Efficient use of penile Doppler ultrasound for investigating men with erectile dysfunction

Abstract

Abstract Background Vasculogenic erectile dysfunction is the most common type of erectile dysfunction, and penile Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) is a useful tool to assess erectile hemodynamics in the clinician’s effort to discuss prognosis and management strategies with the patient. Aim We herein describe the PDUS protocol used at our center, including indications, technique, and data interpretation. Methods We describe our institutional experience with PDUS and discuss it in the context of a contemporary review of the literature for this investigation. Outcome Our institutional PDUS protocol. Results To perform PDUS properly, adequate training, equipment, setting, technique, and interpretation are critical. The accuracy of PDUS is entirely predicated on achieving complete cavernosal smooth muscle relaxation. A redosing protocol optimizes the reliability and reproducibility of the hemodynamic data acquired during PDUS. A rigidity-based assessment is performed, and patients are scanned according to the erection rigidity achieved (full hardness) or by administration of maximum dose of the vasoactive agent. Peak systolic velocity is considered a measure of arterial inflow (normal, >30 cm/s), while end diastolic velocity evaluates the veno-occlusive mechanism (normal, <5 cm/s). After the procedure, the patient is evaluated to confirm detumescence. If the patient has a persistent penetration rigidity erection, intracavernosal phenylephrine is administered; however, if detumescence is not achieved with intracavernosal phenylephrine injections alone, corporal aspiration is potentially performed. Conclusion PDUS is a valuable minimally invasive tool for erectile hemodynamics assessment and an accurate assessment of such, provided that complete cavernosal smooth muscle relaxation is achieved.