Boosting dark matter searches at muon colliders with machine learning: The mono-Higgs channel as a case study

Abstract

Abstract The search for dark matter (DM) candidates at high-energy colliders is one of the most promising avenues to understand the nature of this elusive component of the universe. Several searches at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have strongly constrained a wide range of simplified models. The combination of the bounds from the LHC with direct-detection experiments exclude the most minimal scalar-singlet DM model. To address this, lepton portal DM models are suitable candidates where DM is predominantly produced at lepton colliders since the DM candidate only interacts with the lepton sector through a mediator that carries a lepton number. In this work, we analyze the production of DM pairs in association with a Higgs boson decaying into two bottom quarks at future muon colliders in the framework of the minimal lepton portal DM model. It is found that the usual cut-based analysis methods fail to probe heavy DM masses for both the resolved (where the decay products of the Higgs boson can be resolved as two well-separated small-R jets) and the merged (where the Higgs boson is clustered as one large-R jet) regimes. We have then built a search strategy based on boosted-decision trees (BDTs). We have optimized the hyperparameters of the BDT model to both have a high signal-to-background ratio and to avoid overtraining effects. We have found very important enhancements of the signal significance with respect to the cut-based analysis by factors of 8–50 depending on the regime (resolved or merged) and the benchmark points. Using this BDT model on a 1D parameter space scan, we found that future muon colliders with $\sqrt{s}=3$ TeV and ${\cal L} = 1~{\rm ab}^{-1}$ can exclude DM masses up to 1 TeV at the 95% confidence level.