Clinical Features of Mycobacterium canettii Infection: A Retrospective Study of 20 Cases Among French Soldiers and Relatives

Author:

Briquet Anaïs1,Vong Rithy2,Roseau Jean-Baptiste1,Javelle Emilie3,Cazes Nicolas4,Rivière Fréderic5,Aletti Marc6,Otto Marie-Pierre7,Ficko Cécile8,Duron Sandrine9,Fabre Michel2,Pourcel Christine10,Simon Fabrice3,Soler Charles2

Affiliation:

1. Respiratory Department, Laveran Military Teaching Hospital, Marseille

2. Department of Biology, Percy Military Teaching Hospital, Clamart

3. Department of Infectious Diseases, Laveran Military Teaching Hospital

4. Emergency Medical Department, Prehospital Emergency Medical Services of Marine Fire Battalion, Marseille

5. Respiratory Department, Percy Military Teaching Hospital, Clamart

6. Department of Infectious Diseases, Percy Military Teaching Hospital, Clamart

7. Department of Biology, Sainte-Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon

8. Department of Infectious Diseases, Bégin Military Teaching Hospital, Saint-Mandé l’Énergie Atomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ. Paris Sud, Orsay, France

9. French Military Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Marseille

10. Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Commissariat á ľÉnergie Atomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ. Paris Sud, Orsay, France

Abstract

Abstract Background Mycobacterium canettii forms part of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Mycobacterium canettii infections are mainly described in the Horn of Africa. The permanent presence of French soldiers in Djibouti raises the question of the risk of being infected with M. canettii. Here, we describe M. canettii infections among French military and their families between 1998 and 2015. Methods This retrospective study relied on 3 sources of data: the reference center for mycobacteria in the Biology Department at Percy Military Hospital in Paris, the French Military Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, and the scientific literature. After an exhaustive census of the strains, we studied the epidemiological data on 20 cases among French soldiers and their families. Results Twenty cases of M. canettii infections are reported, including 5 unpublished cases. Adenitis predominates (n = 15), especially in the cervico facial area and among children; 1 case was observed 1 month after dental care in Djibouti. The pulmonary forms were less frequent (n = 6), and 3 atypical forms are described. All patients had stayed in Djibouti. Conclusions Cases of M. canettii infection among the French military consisted mainly of adenitis; disseminated forms were possible with immunodeficiency. Their evolution under specific treatments was comparable to that of tuberculosis. The presumed origin of the infection seemed to be environmental, possibly a water reservoir, and not due to human-to-human contagion.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical)

Reference37 articles.

1. Infection caused by atypical mycobacteria and antituberculous immunity;Canetti;Lille Med,1970

2. Rapid differentiation of “Mycobacterium canettii” from other Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms by PCR-restriction analysis of the hsp65 gene;Goh;J Clin Microbiol,2001

3. A new evolutionary scenario for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex;Brosch;Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2002

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