RETRACTED: From farm to fork: global surveillance trends of animal-food-human antimicrobial resistance

Abstract

Abstract Objectives Global surveillance measures keep trending with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) from farm to the final consumer. It is intended to review these trends within the past few decades. Materials and Methods This short communication showcases AMR surveillance basics, methods, processes, technicalities and milestones within recent decades in relationship to AMR emergence from farm to fork. Results and Conclusions Antibiotics and antimicrobial agents contribute to AMR dynamics. Passive and active AMR surveillance strategies continuously render data-driven robust systems for monitoring resistance levels and thereof changes across all geographical regions.