Vascular health and diffusion properties of normal appearing white matter in midlife

Author:

Ingo Carson12ORCID,Kurian Shawn1,Higgins James3,Mahinrad Simin1,Jenkins Lisanne4,Gorelick Philip1ORCID,Lloyd-Jones Donald5,Sorond Farzaneh1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

2. Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

3. Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

4. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

5. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

Abstract

Abstract In this study, we perform a region of interest diffusion tensor imaging and advanced diffusion complexity analysis of normal appearing white matter to determine the impact of vascular health on these diffusivity metrics in midlife adults. 77 participants (26 black, 35 female) at year 30 visit in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults longitudinal study were scanned with an advanced diffusion-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery protocol. Fractional anisotropy and non-linear diffusion complexity measures were estimated. Cumulative measures across 30 years (9 study visits) of systolic blood pressure, body mass index, glucose, smoking and cholesterol were calculated as the area under the curve from baseline up to year 30 examination. Partial correlation analyses assessed the association between cumulative vascular health measures and normal appearing white matter diffusion metrics in these participants. Midlife normal appearing white matter diffusion properties were significantly associated (P < 0.05) with cumulative exposure to vascular risk factors from young adulthood over the 30-year time period. Higher cumulative systolic blood pressure exposure was associated with increased complexity and decreased fractional anisotropy. Higher cumulative body mass index exposure was associated with decreased fractional anisotropy. Additionally, in the normal appearing white matter of black participants (P < 0.05), who exhibited a higher cumulative vascular risk exposure, fractional anisotropy was lower and complexity was higher in comparison to normal appearing white matter in white participants. Higher burden of vascular risk factor exposure from young adulthood to midlife is associated with changes in the diffusion properties of normal appearing white matter in midlife. These changes which may reflect axonal disruption, increased inflammation and/or increased glial proliferation, were primarily observed in both anterior and posterior normal appearing white matter regions of the corpus callosum. These results suggest that microstructural changes in normal appearing white matter are sensitive to vascular health during young adulthood and are possibly therapeutic targets in interventions focused on preserving white matter health across life.

Funder

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

University of Alabama at Birmingham

Northwestern University

University of Minnesota

Kaiser Foundation Research Institute

Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and an intra-agency agreement between NIA and NHLBI

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

General Earth and Planetary Sciences,General Environmental Science

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