Species Composition, Abundance, and Seasonal Dynamics of Perilla Seed Bugs (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) in Weeds and Perilla Fields in Korea

Abstract

Abstract Perilla seed bugs (Nysius sp.) are considered to be the emerging pests causing nutritional and yield losses in perilla and cereal crops. A survey of perilla seed bugs on weeds and perilla crops was conducted over the course of 2 yr in Korea to determine the species composition, abundance, and seasonal dynamics of perilla seed bugs. Three species of Heteroptera (Nysius plebeius, Nysius hidakai, and Nysius inconspicuus), nymphs of Nysius species, and several parasitoid species were collected from weeds and perilla crops. Nysius hidakai was the most abundant perilla seed bugs. In 2019, adult perilla seed bugs, nymphs of perilla seed bugs, and parasitoid species were more abundant in weed species than in perilla crops. An early peak with a greater number of adult perilla seed bug (N. hidakai) was observed in weeds in 2020. However, an identical peak with a similar number of perilla seed bug (N. hidakai) was found in perilla crops in both years. Peak perilla seed bugs densities were observed in the 4th week of June, 2020 in weeds. Parasitoid species from Aphidiidae (1), Braconidae (11), Eulophidae (7), Figitidae (5), Ichneumonidae (7), Platygastridae (1), and Pteromalidae (5) subfamilies were collected. Perilla seed bugs seem to be a serious and increasingly important pest in several field crop species including perilla crops grown on the southern Korean peninsula. Monitoring and early detection of insect species are vital to predicting seasonal colonization and population build-up of perilla seed bugs on perilla crops from a climate change perspective, and essential for developing appropriate management techniques. Thus, continuous monitoring of perilla seed bugs in alternative weed hosts is needed to protect perilla crops from perilla seed bug infestation.