Microgeographic speciation in a complex of Anatolian bush crickets facilitated by fast evolution of reproductive isolation

Author:

Ortego Joaquín1ORCID,Kaya Sarp2ORCID,Çıplak Battal3ORCID,Lacey Knowles L4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Ecology and Evolution, Estación Biológica de Doñana, EBD-CSIC , Seville , Spain

2. Health Services, Vocational Schools, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University , Burdur , Turkey

3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Akdeniz University , Antalya , Turkey

4. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , United States

Abstract

Abstract Identifying the drivers of microgeographic speciation (i.e., speciation over small, local geographic scales) is key to understand the origin of speciose groups. Here, we use genomic data to infer the demographic processes underlying diversification in Poecilimon luschani (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), a species complex belonging to the most diverse genus of bush crickets from the Mediterranean region (>170 taxa) that comprises three recognized subspecies with small allopatric distributions in the topographically complex Teke Peninsula, southwestern Anatolia. Phylogenomic reconstructions that include all other taxa within the species group confirmed that subspecies of P. luschani originated from a common ancestor during the Pleistocene, supporting recent (<1 Ma) diversification within a small geographical area (ca. 120 × 80 km). Genetic clustering analyses corroborated the distinctiveness of each subspecies and the cohesiveness of their respective populations, with abrupt genetic discontinuities coinciding with contemporary range boundaries. Indeed, our analyses uncovered the presence of two sympatric cryptic sister lineages that diverged <300 ka ago and do not admix despite being co-distributed. Collectively, these results support that all lineages within the complex represent independently evolving entities corresponding to full-fledged species. Statistical evaluation of alternative models of speciation strongly supports a scenario of divergence in isolation followed by a period of limited gene flow during the last glacial period, when all lineages experienced marked expansions according to demographic reconstructions. Our study exemplifies how localized allopatric divergence and fast evolution of reproductive isolation can promote microgeographic speciation and explain the high rates of endemism characterizing biodiversity hotspots.

Funder

Akdeniz University

Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey

European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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