Patient Expectancy Does Not Predict Success or Failure of Thermal Neurotomy for Persistent Zygapophysial and Sacroiliac Joint Pain

Abstract

Abstract Objective The placebo effect is important in determining the outcome of the treatment of pain for which expectancy and context are the main contributors. The variable success of thermal neurotomy spinal pain procedures is often seen as evidence of the placebo effect. Conversely, proponents of pain procedures explain poorer outcomes by technical procedure deficiencies, including inadequate diagnosis. This cohort study set out to determine whether patient expectancy is a contributing factor in the outcome of thermal neurotomy to the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar zygapophysial and sacroiliac joints. Design This single-practitioner, single-site retrospective analysis of prospectively gathered cohort data of 549 patients evaluated the impact of patient preprocedure expectancy (rated on a simple 0–10 or 0–4 numerical rating scale) on outcomes in a large consecutive series of patients who had undergone thermal neurotomy treatment between 2009 and 2019. In addition, a portion of patients were asked to what extent they hoped for or desired a good outcome. Results Successful pain relief (≥75% reduction from baseline) was not associated with a higher preprocedure expectancy than were failed procedures. Hope and desire demonstrated no impact on the positive or negative impact of the procedure. Conclusions Altogether, patient expectation of outcome, hope, and desire are not associated with the outcome of effective pain relief by thermal neurotomy that has been performed to the appropriate and commonly available technical standards. Further work is needed to determine the influence of patient expectation across a range of pain intervention modalities.